Sensation and Perception Essay Example for Free

Sensation and Perception Essay Mental development is a continuous process starting even from the infancy stage. But during certain stages certain activities are more prevalent. During the first few months there will be rapid development of sensory function. The child’s response to a stimulus is influenced not by the sensory stimulus, but by the effects of past experience also. The sensory stimulus separated from past experience is called sensation. The stimulus interpreted and loaded with meanings and ideas are called perception. I have asked my wife and two young kids aging 11 years and 6 years in my family. When we were sitting in our wide hall room after the dinner, I told them that I am going to conduct a memory test for them. I called them one by one and asked each of them to observe the brown objects in the hall room for one minute. Then I asked them to close their eyes and tell me the names of each of them. My wife has correctly told me about 12 objects out of the 14 in my hall room. My elder daughter recollected 10 and the younger one 7. Based on the above facts we can conclude that the perception of elder ones better than the younger ones. This is quite natural since the elder ones always have more experience and more developed intellectual levels than the younger ones. When a sense organ comes in contact with a stimulus, the nerve endings connected with the sense organ become stimulated and this produces a nerve energy which is passed on to the central nervous system and is carried to the area sensory area of brain. The stimulus is interpreted and loaded with meanings and ideas. Now it can be called as perception. Though this is a simple experiment, it involves lot of complicated activities of our senses and the brain. The outcome of this experiment is little bit surprising for me. Even the 37 year old my wife could not tell me the complete list of brown objects, but at the same time the 6 year old kid identified 7 objects out of the 14. My 11 year kid has identified 1o which is just 2 less than her mother. This is because of the fact that the intellectual levels or the sensations and perceptions of individuals are different.

Fronteir Exceptionalism :: essays research papers

What is exceptionalism? As defined by The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, is it: 1) the condition of being exceptional or unique; and 2) the theory or belief that something, especially a nation, doesn’t conform to a pattern or a norm. Some historians credit the terms origins to Alex de Tocqueville, the 19th century French historian. Since colonial times, Americans felt of themselves as the preeminent example of a social and morally advanced society. John Winthrop’s ‘City on a Hill’ illustrated the Puritan religious tones for these ideals. After the Revolution, a combination of secular and sacred ideologies formed that saw the United States as providentially selected to be a ‘divine stage’ for liberty and a new world order. But don’t all peoples of a nation feel an exceptional pride in their nation? Why did/do American’s feel that way? I believe one of the most fundamentally important facets that contributed to the American exceptionalism spirit this time was the frontier. The frontier, whether a place or process, certainly shaped American thought from a ragtag colonial cluster to a hegemon with muscular muster. I disagree with many Turnerian protà ©gà ©s, however, in that the process of settling the frontier was not a series of successes. The new ‘reappraisal’ of western history shows that not all courses of action taken resulted in progress. Patricia Limerick discusses this well in her essay entitled What on Earth is New Western History? In this essay she tries to quell old myths that are celebrated by those who would like to hold on with a blind eye to false stories. But these interpretations of the west are just as vitally important as the Indian and cowboy mystique. The concept of America and what an American is was fashioned from the combination of myth versus reality. Most of my paper will be examining these topics from Limerick, Ridge and Richard White’s When Frederick Jackson Turner and Buffalo Bill Cody Both Played Chicago in 1893. Turner and Cody told the story of the west in two starkly different angles, and with two different approaches. Turner’s narrative was one that told of large, empty expanse of free land that was there for the taking, and was basically free from violence. Cody’s Wild West showed an adventure of conquest and persecution at the hands of the Indians, a ‘correct representation of life on the plains’.(47) But when the two are taken into account together, the biases of each bring to light the complexities that shadowed their explanation for their perspective.

Community Health Advocacy Essay

The levels of prevention in epidemiology help provide a framework for health professionals to intervene and prevent disease, injury, or disability. What is epidemiology? The World Health Organization (2014) states â€Å"epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events and the application of the study to the control of disease and other health problems† (para. 1). The National Asthma Education and Prevention Guidelines data showed that exacerbations of acute asthma episodes have gotten more severe over the years (Dougherty & Fahy, 2009). In 2010, one out of eleven children was diagnosed with asthma (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Children are presenting with a combination of symptoms that show an increase in severity with expiratory airflow and decreased lung function testing (Dougherty & Fahy, 2009). When children present with shortness, wheezing, chest tightness or cough in school, the student has to report to the school nurse for their asthma protocol treatment ordered by a physician. If symptoms are not easily controlled, the child may have to be treated in and outpatient setting. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), children missed a total of ten million days of school and cost the United States fifty-six billion dollars a year for treatment. In 2009, the yearly average cost was $1,039 per child with asthma. The Healthy People 2020 made pediatric asthma an initiative due to the increasing prevalence and cost in the United States. Epidemiology Framework The epidemiology framework consists of three levels of prevention; primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary prevention strive to reduce the occurrence rate of new cases in disease. Primary prevention approach to promoting a healthier lifestyle is to emphasize on educating individuals on risk factors  and protective strategies. A primary prevention strategy for asthma patient is educating on avoiding cigarette smoke, insect allergens, molds and pet dander (Agency for Toxic Substance & Disease Registry, 2010). Secondary prevention concentrates on early recognition and fast treatment of the disease. This level of prevention focuses on slowing down the progression of the disease process and decreasing the impact of the disease process on an individual or community. There are a number interventions that one can do to reduce the exposure to allergens, pollutants, or irritants that may trigger an asthma episode. Schools and homes may use a free standing air purifier for rooms, purchase a vacuum with an HEPA filter or us an HEPA filter in the air duct system. These systems help to eliminate animal dander, smoke, air pollution, molds, dust mites, and animal allergens. Several schools have introduces reading dogs in the elementary schools to reduce the fear of reading. Depending on the severity of the allergy, the student many not be able to be in the classroom. Families can select a pet that has low dander levels. It is difficult to get out dander and dust particles out of the carpet, hardwood floor may need to replace the carpet. Tobacco smoking affects approximately forty-two percent of children between the age ages of two months to eleven years of age (Agency for toxic substances & Disease Registry, 2010). Educated tobacco smokers the effects that tobacco smoke can have on the respiratory system in people of all ages. Tertiary Prevention strategies is implemented to stabilize and restoring functionality from damage that has resulted from a chronic disease. Education on medication compliance for pediatric patients and families is key for this level of prevention. Ecosystem Model The ecosystem of children’s health is a complex model that has the child and family at the center of the core (Friedman, 2010). Circling the center core are individuals and organizations that interrelate closely with the child and family such as schools, faith community, doctors, community services, and environment (Friedman, 2010). The further circle in the model are health insurance agencies, businesses, philanthropy, and research (Friedman, 2010). The model identifies several areas that impacts childhood asthma. First looking at the genetics of the child and then assessing the social, natural, and built environments that influence acute asthma attacks for the  child. These are all areas that need to be closely examines to figure out why children are having amplified severity during an acute asthma attacks. Frequency and duration of asthma attacks affect children’s social and academic life. Reference Asthma. (2014). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/asthma/children.htm Daugherty, R. & Fahy, J. (2009). Acute exacerbations of asthma: epidemiology, biology and the exacerbation-prone phenotype. Clinic & Experimental Allergy, 39(2), 193-202. Environmental triggers of asthma treatment, management and prevention. (2010). Agency for toxic substances & Disease Registry. Retrieved from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/csem.asp?csem=18&po=9 Epidemiology. (2014). World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/epidemiology/en/ Friedman, R. (2010). How do we bring it all together? Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 73(2). Retrieved from https://www.centerforchildrenshealth.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/CCHAPSReports/CC HAPS-Asthma-WhitePaper.pdf

Ionic Radius Definition and Trend

The ionic radius (plural: ionic radii) is the measure of an atoms ion in a crystal lattice. It is half the distance between two ions that are barely touching each other. Since the boundary of the electron shell of an atom is somewhat fuzzy, the ions are often treated as though they were solid spheres fixed in a lattice. The ionic radius may be larger or smaller than the atomic radius (radius of a neutral atom of an element), depending on the electric charge of the ion. Cations are typically smaller than neutral atoms because an electron is removed and the remaining electrons are more tightly drawn in toward the nucleus. An anion has an additional electron, which increases the size of the electron cloud and may make the ionic radius larger than the atomic radius. Values for ionic radius are difficult to obtain and tend to depend on the method used to measure the size of the ion. A typical value for an ionic radius would be from 30 picometers (pm, and equivalent to 0.3 Angstroms Å) to 200 pm (2 Å). Ionic radius may be measured ​using x-ray crystallography or similar techniques. Ionic Radius Trend in the Periodic Table Ionic radius and atomic radius follow the same trends in the periodic table: As you move from top to bottom down an element group (column) ionic radius increases. This is because a new electron shell is added as you move down the periodic table. This increases the overall size of the atom.As you move from left to right across an element period (row) the ionic radius decreases. Even though the size of the atomic nucleus increases with larger atomic numbers moving across a period, the ionic and atomic radius decreases. This is because the effective positive force of the nucleus also increases, drawing in the electrons more tightly. The trend is particularly obvious with the metals, which form cations. These atoms lose their outermost electron, sometimes resulting in the loss of an entire electron shell. The ionic radius of transition metals in a period does not, however, change very much from one atom to the next near the beginning of a series. Variations in Ionic Radius Neither the atomic radius nor the ionic radius of an atom is a fixed value. The configuration or stacking of atoms and ions affects the distance between their nuclei. The electron shells of atoms can overlap each other and do so by different distances, depending on the circumstances. The just barely touching atomic radius is sometimes called the van der Waals radius since the weak attraction from van der Waals forces governs the distance between the atoms. This is the type of radius commonly reported for noble gas atoms. When metals are covalently bonded to each other in a lattice, the atomic radius may be called the covalent radius or the metallic radius. The distance between nonmetallic elements may also be termed the covalent radius. When you read a chart of ionic radius or atomic radius values, youre most likely seeing a mixture of metallic radii, covalent radii, and van der Waals radii. For the most part, the tiny differences in the measured values shouldnt be a concern. Whats important is understanding the difference between atomic and ionic radius, the trends in the periodic table, and the reason for the trends.

Functionalist, Conflict, and Interaction Perspectives on...

Functionalist, Conflict, and Interaction Perspectives on Mass Media Sammie Sims SOC101: Introduction to Sociology Instructor: Michael Emmart 09/22/2014 It is hard to imagine that just one theoretical view can make clear the many ways that individuals relate with media and technology. Technology covers a wide range from simplistic to complicate. Media is everywhere we look and on every gadget we own. This paper will take a look at mass media from the functionalist, conflict, and interaction perspectives. You can look at a variety of theories and you will find studies and scholars that agree and those who disagree. A sociological approach in functionalism is the reflection of the relationship among the functions of†¦show more content†¦According to the conflict perspective a main emphasis is the variance of avenues to media and technology exemplified in the digital world. Conflict theorist concentrate on who reigns the media, and how the media endorses the norms of the upper-middle-class white Americans while lessening the existence of the lower class especially minorities. Some conflict theorist’s propose that the way media is created causes an uneven political arena. Candidates with the most monies available can buy the most media exposure, trash talk their competition, and take full advantage of their visual existence. Now days cameras capture our activities and viewers can find people over their cell phones. Social scientists take the idea of the surveillance society so seriously that there is an entire journal devoted to its study, Surveillance and Society (library.queensu.ca). Influential individuals and social organizations carry much of the say so about what technology is out, when and where it is released and what kind of media is accessible for intake. This is a form of gate keeping. Deciding what story will make the headlines of the front page. Deciding which movie is playing on the screens at the local movie theater. Deciding what movies and pictures will be released and which ones will not. All of these decisions are usually made by people of high standings. No one in the lower class es has any say so in these types ofShow MoreRelatedMass Media And Its Impact On Society1719 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s world society believes that mass media plays a key role in shaping and communicating our culture. Mass Media is defined as a technological advancement of communication. People receive information about the world through mass media and it helps shape people’s beliefs, values, perception, and behavior. Mass media is a controversial topic among sociologists, many of them have differentiating opinions of how mass media is influencing people daily lives today. Through this research analysisRead MoreSoc/100 - Applying Sociological Perspectives1063 Words   |  5 Pages Applying Sociological Perspectives Stephanie Ann Tombline SOC/100 May 30, 2016 Jennifer Hudgins Applying Sociological Perspectives Social networking sites - such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and, Pinterest, just to name a few - provide individuals with an online web of global networking that allows maintaining social ties with one another. Sociologists often ponder, How do these social websites impact society? Above all, this is the question that is the central focus shared byRead MoreThe Merchant Of Cool By Barak Goodman And Rachel Dretzin808 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The merchant of cool† is 2001’s special documentary of PBS frontline on culture and mass media, which was produced by â€Å"Barak Goodman and Rachel Dretzin†. This documentary explores the heavily dependence of youth on the mass media. This documentary is about the selling and buying of cool. 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For him, common sense and the obvious would not suffice; he wanted to build scientific theories basedRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Actions, Decisions, Behavior, And Other External Elements Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesHerbert Meade, Charles Horton Cooley, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, and Karl Marx-- established the framework of symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and conflict theory. 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Sociology - Themes and Perspectives.[2008]. In the socialization process, there are several factors which may affect a childs behavior. In relation to the term socializationRead MorePolice Brutality Is Very Today s Society866 Words   |  4 Pagesviolence has affected a mass of people; therefore, police brutality is a social problem that has to be addressed. To further analyze police brutality, sociological perspectives can be used to help find a social policy or â€Å"solution† to this issue. According Michael Palmiotto and Pramha Unnithan, â€Å"The functionalist would argue that such behavior exists because there is a gap between what we as a society say is right and what we do in actual circumstances.† Functionalist also argue that police officers

Early American Children s Literature - 1490 Words

Early American children’s literature was intended to provide children with religious, social and moral education. Puritans were one of the first groups to create a large body of children s books, their doctrine of original sin assumed that all children were damned until they were converted to Christianity (Susina ). The Puritans believed that reading the Bible was important to achieving salvation, therefore teaching children to read was a priority for that matter. The New England Primer, An Alphabet of Lessons For Children, was strongly influenced by religion and had the intentions that all the colonists should learn how to read. It was seen as advance literacy. In â€Å"1642 Puritan Massachusetts passed a law stating this. They believed that an inability to read was Satan s attempt to keep people from the Scriptures† (O’Neill 1). With that said, other scriptures such as Mother Goose’s Nursery Rhymes, Nancy Sproat’s Ditties for Children, or even Wa shington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle were all famous didactic literature authors that conveyed the same educating motion in their work. However, early literature influenced younger children in advanced critical ways, as their goals were to enhance a way to influence younger aged children in their society to do good, not bad. The New England Primer complied by Benjamin Harris included the study of the alphabet with Bible reading in their literature, as each line began with each letter of the alphabet. Following each chronological letterShow MoreRelatedFirst Recorded In The 8Th Century, Ancient Myths And Legends1171 Words   |  5 PagesJapanese culture and continue to inspire modern literature today. 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The writer often discusses the behavior of the characters, their thought processes, their appearances, and even sometimes includes their names. Characterization highlights the important details of a character in a story. This also allows readers to imagine how others in the story would react to the mainRead MoreThe History of Childresn Literature Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Children’s Literature EDP1: Task 1 Janet Blake Western Governors University Children’s literature is defined many different ways. It can be simply defined as a book that a child reads, or as Kiefer defined it â€Å"as the imaginative shaping of life and thought into the forms and structures of language.† (Kiefer, 2010, p.5) Literature has been around for hundreds of years, although not in the form that we are used to seeing now. 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Still, theRead MoreCorrelation Between Parental Literacy And Literacy1349 Words   |  6 Pageseducational achievement and what can be done to decrease intergenerational illiteracy and increase literacy education levels? This paper will analyze research that shows the connection between parental literacy and the lower educational attainment of children and will present solutions for increasing literacy in the family thus helping parents and potentially preventing high school dropout. Introduction $10,510, that’s how much less a high school dropout earns annually than an individual with a high

Ethical Behaviour in Business-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Question: Ethical behaviour in business is essential for the long-term survival of both private and public organisations. Do you agree or disagree? Explain. Answer: Introduction Ethics is the most important philosophy, which eventually includes defending, recommendations and systematization of correct and incorrect conducts (Peters, 2015). The ethical behaviour is extremely significant for any business irrespective of the fact that it is a public or private company. Moreover, it helps to maintain the longevity of that company. The following report outlines a brief description about the fact that ethical behaviour is essential in every organization. The various effects as well as advantages will be provided here. Discussion Ethical Behaviour in Business Ethical behaviour in any particular business helps to flourish the business exclusively. This type of scenario occurs, when the business is driven by ethics (Crane Matten, 2016). The employees or the personnel complete their work, following the moral ethics in their professional life. Need of Ethical Behaviour in Organizations for Long-term Survival I completely agree with the fact that ethical behaviour is extremely important for any public and private organization for the long-term survival. The most significant reason of this is the reduction in financial liabilities (Niebuhr, 2013). The companies that do not follow ethical behaviour in their business risk several financial liabilities. The first and the foremost liability is the sales reduction. If a real estate company does not follow ethics while constructing any building and if the building crashes, there is a high chance that they would be losing its clients and thus sales would be reduced. The second liability is with the potential lawsuits. Discrimination is highly unethical in any public or private organization (Weiss, 2014). They should maintain policies against gender discrimination and harassment. This would reduce the frivolous lawsuits from getting the companies bankrupted. Effects of Ethical Behaviour There are various effects of the ethical behaviour in a business. The most significant effects of this ethical behaviour for any particular public or private organization are as follow: Attracting Customers: This is the first and the foremost effect of ethical behaviour in any business. The customers are strongly affected by this behaviour and thus get attracted to the company. Increasing Productivity: The ethical behaviour within an organization helps to reduce the turnover of labour and therefore, increments the overall productivity (Weiss, 2014) Attracting Employees: When any particular business follows ethics in their work, it automatically attracts more employees as everyone wants to work in an ethically driven organization. The above-mentioned effects clearly depict that ethical behaviour is extremely important in any organization. Advantages of Ethical Behaviour There are several advantages of ethical behaviour in any private or public organization (Peters, 2015). The advantages are given below Building Customer Loyalty: The main advantage of this ethical behaviour is that it helps to build customer loyalty. Retains Good Employees: The second advantage of ethical behaviour in an organization is that it helps to retain good employees (Niebuhr, 2013). Positive Work Environment: This type of behaviour helps to keep a positive work environment. Avoids Legal Problems: This type of behaviour avoids all types of legal problems. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, ethics can be defined as typical part of philosophy that concerns the correct or incorrect judgements of an individual. The decisions that are undertaken by that person are always influenced by his culture or background. The ethical behaviour in any organization is dependent on the behaviour of its employees. The above report has outlined a brief discussion on the ethical behaviour of an organization. The several effects as well as the advantages of this are also given here. References Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Niebuhr, R. (2013).Moral man and immoral society: A study in ethics and politics. Westminster John Knox Press. Peters, R. S. (2015).Ethics and Education (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.